^{^[1]} (In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful)

The meaning

More explanation

^{^[2]} 1. O you who believe, take not My enemies and yours as intimate friends^a; revealing to them [the secrets of the Muslims] for [your mutual] friendship^b, eventhough they have denied [the Quran and the religion of] the truth that has come to you, and have [on the contrary] driven out the messenger and yourselves [from Mecca]; in order that you should not believe in God [alone] your Lord [and should not forsake the worship of the idols.]

[Therefore,] if you [truly] go forth to struggle in My way and seek My good pleasure, [then abandon your friendship with them, and] reveal not to them [the secrets of the Muslims] for [your mutual] friendship.

Yet I know very well what you conceal and what you publish [so that I tell My messenger about that.]

Whosoever of you [will] do that [in the future]^c, has strayed away from the way of the truth [to the way of the falsehood.]

^{^[3]} 2. If they come on you^d, they will be enemies to you^e, and stretch against you their hands [with beating] and their tongues with evil [words^f], and they wish that you may disbelieve [in Mohammed and the Quran^g.]

^{^[4]} 3. Of no profit to you will be your relatives and your children [in the Next Life.^h] On Doomsday [God] will part you from [the associatersⁱ, so why do you befriend with them?] God is All-Seeing what you do [and so, in the Next Life, He will take you to account about your deeds.]

^{1 a} It means: Do not take the associaters as your intimate friends.

^{1 b} This was revealed concerning Hattib son of Baltaáa: an emigrant a follower of Othman.

So when God’s messenger told [the Muslims] about the campaign against the people of Mecca, on account of their breaking the truce of Hudaibiyah, Hattib wrote to them: “God’s messenger intends to assault you, so be cautious.” And he sent his letter with Sarah the servant of Bani Muttalib.

Therefore, Gabriel came down and told God’s messenger about that. So the Prophet sent Ali, Zubair, Miqdad and Abu Murshid who approached her at the field of Khakh where God’s messenger told them about that.

She said: “I have no letter whatsoever.”

Ali then drew his sword, and so she took it out of her braid.

The Prophet arraigned Hattib, and inquired of him: What is this that you have done?”

He said: “God’s messenger, don’t hasten to judge me; for by God! I did not blaspheme once I converted, neither did I do that as apostasy. But I was in contact with Quraish tribe, of whom none may protect my family; so I wanted to do them favor.”

So God’s messenger believed and pardoned him, and said: “Say not anything to Hattib other than good words only.”

^{1 c} i.e. whoso among you befriends with them after this announcement and sends to them the secrets of Muslims.

^{2 d} i.e. if the associaters have power over you.

^{2 e} i.e. they will harm you and will never benefit you.

^{2 f} i.e. with reviling and humiliating.

^{2 g} As do they disbelieve.

^{3 h} Therefore, do not disobey God for their sake.

^{3 i} i.e. He will separate between believers and associaters, so He will admit believers into Paradise, and admit associaters into the Fire, so what benefit will you gain from befriending with them?

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^{^[5]} 4. You have a good example [to follow] in Abraham [: the devoted friend of God] and those [believers] with him^a, when they said to their people [the disbelievers]: "We are clear of you^b and of the [idols] which you worship, apart from God.

We reject you^c, and there has arisen, between us and you, enmity and hatred for ever, unless you believe in God alone [and then the enmity will turn into friendship.]

But [follow not] the saying of Abraham to his father^d: "Certainly I shall ask forgiveness for you, but I have no power to do anything for you against God^e."

[Abraham went on saying:] "Our Lord, on You we rely [in our emigration to the Land of Canaan], to You we turn obedient and to You is the final resort [after our death.]"

[Then God – be glorified – said, completing that which Abraham said:]

^{^[6]} 5. "Our Lord, let us not be persecuted by the disbelievers^f, and forgive us [our sins.]

Surely, You are the All-Mighty [in Your kingdom], the All-Wise [in Your creation.]"

[In the previous aya, God – be glorified – explained that Abraham was enemy of disbelievers, and in this aya He explained that he honored the believers, and He – be glorified – said:]

^{^[7]} 6. There was indeed in them [: Abraham and those believers with him] an excellent example [of offering alms to the believers] for you [: Muslims] to follow –– for those whose hope is in [the reward of] God and in the Last Day [of man's life^g.]

But if any turns away [in aversion from obeying God^h], truly God is 'Not in need’ [of his obedience], 'Praiseworthy' [: Praised and thanked by His angels and righteous servants for His bounties.]

^{4 a} i.e. those who believed and followed him.

^{4 b} And we do not befriend with you.

^{4 c} And do not take you into consideration.

^{4 d} For Abraham did not ask forgiveness to his father, but only after a promise which he promised him with.

^{4 e} If He wants to punish you, and I cannot avert the chastisement form you.

^{5 f} i.e. do not set them on us, and so they will persecute us.

^{6 g} When he will go to the world of souls [or the Afterlife.]

The meaning: Just as had Abraham given property and cattle to Lot, as such have you, people of Yathrib [: Medina] supported the Emigrants with your property.

^{6 h} And does not comply with His commands.

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[Then God – be glorified – promised the Muslims that He will guide a large number of associaters to the Islam religion, so that their number will increase and there will be friendship among them after the enmity, and He said:]

^{^[8]} 7. [In the future] God can bring about love between you and those [people of Mecca after they convert]: [those] with whom you [now] have enmity; God is Most Able [to guide them], and God is Most Forgiving [for those who repent], Most Merciful [to those who regret.]

[This aya was revealed concerning Khuzaáa and Bani Mudlij who made treaty with God’s messenger that they would neither fight him, nor support anyone against him. Then a group of them came to Medina in order to settle a quarrel that occurred between them. They sought the entertainment of one of the Muslims whom they knew, and they made them the arbiter in their quarrel.

He said: “[I will not do that] unless I ask God’s messenger.”

So he went to the Prophet and said: “I have guest who are associaters; am I allowed to entertain them?”

Therefore, this aya was revealed concerning them:]

^{^[9]} 8. God forbids you not, as regards those who have not fought you in religion's cause, nor expelled you^{a from} your habitation [at Mecca], that you should kindly entertain [and feed] them, and judge between them with justice; surely God loves the just.

^{^[10]} 9. God only forbids you to befriend with those [associaters] who have fought against you in the matter of religion, and expelled you from your homes [at Mecca], or have aided in your expulsion. Whoever [among you, Muslims] befriends with them [and helps them]; such are the wrong-doers [who deserve the punishment.]

^{8 a} As did the people of Mecca do.

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[The Prophet – salam to him – made treaty at Hudaibiyah with the associaters of Mecca that: anyone of the people of Mecca came to him, the Prophet should return him to them; and anyone, of the companions of God’s messenger, came to the people of Mecca, they would not return such man to him.

So they wrote a bill about that and sealed it.

Afterwards, some women came from Mecca to Medina and converted, then their husbands came demanding that they should be returned to them; therefore, His saying – be glorified – was revealed:]

^{^[11]} 10. O you who believe, when believing women come to you as emigrants [from Mecca to Medina], examine them [concerning their faith.] God is Best Aware of their faith.

Then, if you know them for true believers, do not send them back to the disbelievers^a. They are not lawful for the disbelievers [after the women converted], nor are the disbelievers lawful for them^b.

And give the disbelievers^c that [dowry] which they spent [on them.]

And it is no sin for you to marry such women when you have given them their dowries.

But hold not to the ties of disbelieving women^d; and ask for [the return of] that which you have spent [on your wives]^e; and let the [associaters] ask for that which they spent [on their wives^f.]

That [judgment] is the judgment of God; He judges between you. God is All-Knowing, Most Wise.

^{^[12]} 11. And if any of [the dowries of] your wives^g goes away from you to the disbelievers [and the disbelievers abstain from returning their dowries],

and afterwards you retaliate [the associaters^h],

then give to those, whose wives have gone, the like of [the dowries] that they paid [to them],

and ward off [the disobedience of the commands of] God in Whom you are believers.

^{10 a} As have you covenanted with them; but give to the disbelievers the dowries of such women.

^{10 b} Because if the woman converts and becomes a Muslim, she will be forbidden to her husband who is an associater.

^{10 c} i.e. give to their husbands.

^{10 d} It means: Do not keep with you the women that are disbelievers, and do not marry them, but divorce and leave them.

The meaning: If your wife is a disbeliever and is an associater, and has not believed together with you, but she leaves you and goes to the associaters, then do not hold to her ties, defending and demanding about her, but divorce her and marry another woman out of the believers.

^{10 e} It means: take from the associaters that which you spent on your wives that are associaters, after their going to the associaters.

^{10 f} That are believers and that have emigrated to you.

^{11 g} Who apostatizes from the belief and returns to the disbelievers.

^{11 h} And you then attack and seize property of the associaters.

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^{^[13]} 12. O prophet, when the believing women come to you, swearing fealty to you upon the terms that:

they will not associate with God anything,

and will not steal,

neither commit adultery,

nor slay their children^a,

nor bring a calumny they forge^b between their hands^c and feet^d,

nor disobey you in anything honorable [that you enjoin on them^e],

then accept their allegiance [on such conditions, and] ask God's forgiveness for them;

God is Most Forgiving [to women who repent], Most Merciful [to women who regret.]

^{12 a} By aborting their children, or slaying the children of other women.

^{12 b} i.e. by lying about a neonate that is born, [like foisting spurious children on their husbands.]

^{12 c} This concerns the midwives.

^{12 d} This concerns the mothers that give birth.

The meaning: they should not foist on their husbands other than their children.

^{12 e} Like that they should not wail on the dead, or rent the garments for the dead, or cut the hair or scratch the face with the nails …etc.]

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^{^[14]} 13. O you who believe! Be not friendly with a folk [: the associaters] against whom God is wrathful^a, [a folk] who are despaired of the Next Life^b, as do those ‘who bury the dead’, despair of those whom they have buried in the graves^c.

^{13 a} It means: Do not befriend with the associaters or be courteous to them by unveiling to them the secrets of Muslims.

^{13 b} Because they believe neither in the ‘sending to the Next Life’ nor in the Requital.

^{13 c} The meaning: As does the one, burying a dead in the grave, despair of the dead whom he buried and he becomes certain that he will be dust few years later and will not return to the life of the World.

By God's help, the interpretation of the soora 60 of the Quran is completed;

So (praise be to God: Lord of the worlds.)

[1] بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

[2] 1. يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا عَدُوِّي وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَاء تُلْقُونَ إِلَيْهِم بِالْمَوَدَّةِ وَقَدْ كَفَرُوا بِمَا جَاءكُم مِّنَ الْحَقِّ يُخْرِجُونَ الرَّسُولَ وَإِيَّاكُمْ أَن تُؤْمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ رَبِّكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ خَرَجْتُمْ جِهَادًا فِي سَبِيلِي وَابْتِغَاء مَرْضَاتِي تُسِرُّونَ إِلَيْهِم بِالْمَوَدَّةِ وَأَنَا أَعْلَمُ بِمَا أَخْفَيْتُمْ وَمَا أَعْلَنتُمْ وَمَن يَفْعَلْهُ مِنكُمْ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ سَوَاء السَّبِيلِ

[3] 2. إِن يَثْقَفُوكُمْ يَكُونُوا لَكُمْ أَعْدَاء وَيَبْسُطُوا إِلَيْكُمْ أَيْدِيَهُمْ وَأَلْسِنَتَهُم بِالسُّوءِ وَوَدُّوا لَوْ تَكْفُرُونَ

[4] 3. لَن تَنفَعَكُمْ أَرْحَامُكُمْ وَلَا أَوْلَادُكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَكُمْ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ

[5] 4. قَدْ كَانَتْ لَكُمْ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ فِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالَّذِينَ مَعَهُ إِذْ قَالُوا لِقَوْمِهِمْ إِنَّا بُرَاء مِنكُمْ وَمِمَّا تَعْبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ كَفَرْنَا بِكُمْ وَبَدَا بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمُ الْعَدَاوَةُ وَالْبَغْضَاء أَبَدًا حَتَّى تُؤْمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَحْدَهُ إِلَّا قَوْلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ لِأَبِيهِ لَأَسْتَغْفِرَنَّ لَكَ وَمَا أَمْلِكُ لَكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ مِن شَيْءٍ رَّبَّنَا عَلَيْكَ تَوَكَّلْنَا وَإِلَيْكَ أَنَبْنَا وَإِلَيْكَ الْمَصِيرُ

[6] 5. رَبَّنَا لَا تَجْعَلْنَا فِتْنَةً لِّلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَاغْفِرْ لَنَا رَبَّنَا إِنَّكَ أَنتَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ

[7] 6. لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِيهِمْ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ لِمَن كَانَ يَرْجُو اللَّهَ وَالْيَوْمَ الْآخِرَ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ الْحَمِيدُ

[8] 7. عَسَى اللَّهُ أَن يَجْعَلَ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ الَّذِينَ عَادَيْتُم مِّنْهُم مَّوَدَّةً وَاللَّهُ قَدِيرٌ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ

[9] 8. لَا يَنْهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوكُم مِّن دِيَارِكُمْ أَن تَبَرُّوهُمْ وَتُقْسِطُوا إِلَيْهِمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ

[10] 9. إِنَّمَا يَنْهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ قَاتَلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَأَخْرَجُوكُم مِّن دِيَارِكُمْ وَظَاهَرُوا عَلَى إِخْرَاجِكُمْ أَن تَوَلَّوْهُمْ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمْ فَأُوْلَئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ

[11] 10. يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا جَاءكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَانِهِنَّ فَإِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَاتٍ فَلَا تَرْجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ لَا هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَّهُمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّ وَآتُوهُم مَّا أَنفَقُوا وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَن تَنكِحُوهُنَّ إِذَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَلَا تُمْسِكُوا بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ وَاسْأَلُوا مَا أَنفَقْتُمْ وَلْيَسْأَلُوا مَا أَنفَقُوا ذَلِكُمْ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ

[12] 11. وَإِن فَاتَكُمْ شَيْءٌ مِّنْ أَزْوَاجِكُمْ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ فَعَاقَبْتُمْ فَآتُوا الَّذِينَ ذَهَبَتْ أَزْوَاجُهُم مِّثْلَ مَا أَنفَقُوا وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي أَنتُم بِهِ مُؤْمِنُونَ

[13] 12. يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا جَاءكَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ يُبَايِعْنَكَ عَلَى أَن لَّا يُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَسْرِقْنَ وَلَا يَزْنِينَ وَلَا يَقْتُلْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ وَلَا يَأْتِينَ بِبُهْتَانٍ يَفْتَرِينَهُ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِنَّ وَأَرْجُلِهِنَّ وَلَا يَعْصِينَكَ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ فَبَايِعْهُنَّ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُنَّ اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ

[14] 13. يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَوَلَّوْا قَوْمًا غَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ قَدْ يَئِسُوا مِنَ الْآخِرَةِ كَمَا يَئِسَ الْكُفَّارُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْقُبُورِ